Understanding Color - 959 Words

Since the age of Aristotle, great minds have questioned the various natures of reality: how a concept works and how humans perceive it. The fundamentals of colour were one such mystery. As an unstable property, the secrets of colour have eluded philosophers, artists, and scientists for centuries, until 1666 when Sir Isaac Newton discovered the properties of light. Thanks to visionaries such as Newton, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Georges Seurat modern understanding of colour can be explained in a variety of manners and can now be categorized according to medium. Seperated into ‘light’ and ‘pigment’, colours are viewed as individual entities as their application and combinations create alternate visual features that†¦show more content†¦Though not the socially best example, television is one of the practical applications of pigment primaries in modern society. Colour application in art can best be analyzed in the context of Impressionist Art. Specifically, looking at Neo-Impressionist artist Georges Seurat ( 1859-1891)2 shows the practical applications that colour theory has in a purely artistic context. Chromoluminarism, also known as Pointillism, is a form of painting that is completely composed of ‘dots’ strategically placed in close fashion to create an image. Influenced by Ogden Rood’s book titled ‘Modern Chromatics’ (1879), Seurat created the foremost example of chromoluminarism in current art history: ‘A Sunny Afternoon at the Grande Jatter’ 1886. Apart from the work’s incredible complexity, it demonstrates another concept in the ways humans view colour. Colour is understood as unstable, because of the way it reacts to both quantities of light as well as other colours. Primary and Secondary colours are the foundations of what is known as ‘Complementary colours’ which , on a colour wheel, are opposite one another. Placing complementaries next to, or on top of one another, will visually alter their properties for the viewer, despite the fact that neither colour has changed at all. However, this is not limited to complementary colours; primary, secondary, and tertiary colours can all change properties when coupled with another colour. Seurat utilizes this concept in his workShow MoreRelatedBiological Processing System : Understanding Color And Contrast1792 Words   |  8 PagesBiological Processing System: Understanding Color and Contrast Introduction While interacting with the world, human visual system is perhaps the first and foremost biological process system that directly involves in detecting information. As Colin Ware (2013) noted in Information Visualization, â€Å"We acquire more information through vision than through all of the other senses combined†. 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The path way out the cave is my interpretation of â€Å"point of view†, there’s only one way in and out. It is up to the user to broaden their views and understanding of the variables pr esented, in the case of the storyRead MoreWhat Are The Child s Strengths?866 Words   |  4 Pageswith the instructions to read and color each sheet. Consequently, I observed Cassandra taking her time and rewriting the text over and then coloring. I believe Cassandra understood the order of how the teacher wanted the work to be done. In fact, this was important because a few students did not remember the instructions and the teacher had to stop several times to repeat directions or assist students. Cassandra was able to take her time to write her letters and color her pictures. As result, I believeRead MoreDavid Brookss People Like Us1695 Words   |  7 PagesCapital’ in many ways, and Jonas shows the Political scientist Robert Putnam’s study to support his understanding of the diversity in his article. 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Mastery and Mystery in Kafka and Borges Free Essays

Kafka’s The Great Wall of China and Borges’ The Library of Babel define infinity through the imagery of an infinite and absolute universe. Both works investigate into the polar relationship between the eternal and omnipotent cosmos (i.e. We will write a custom essay sample on Mastery and Mystery in Kafka and Borges or any similar topic only for you Order Now the Library in Borges and the Great Wall in Kafka) and the finite and imperfect individual (that is, the librarian in Borges and the wall builder in Kafka). Both authors see the universe as an â€Å"infinitely expanding turbulent stream† (Emrich, 38); a domain which is anything but calculable, let alone intelligible. The infinite universe is a glaring paradox as well. It creates and destroys, liberate and restraint. In the words of David Krenz, infinity as manifested in the eternal cosmos â€Å"acts as both a fault which ‘confounds’ all metaphors which seek mastery—one source of those indeterminacies which prove so problematic—as well as a force which is potentially salvific.† Indeed, the universe’s duplicitous orientation is both boon and bane. It houses all-meanings and no-meanings; all-truths and no-truths. It functions as an all-god and no-god. It is totalitarian (considering the extinction of the individual); and yet in that it seeks to provide a room and definition for all codes, it is a democratic entity. The labyrinthine universe (or the universal labyrinth) is aptly illustrated in Borges essay, The Total Library. Using principles akin to that in the Library of Babel, he writes of how the universe signifies the totality of beings— the absolute and consummate, one can even say the logos which fortunately or unfortunately, is entirely inaccessible: â€Å"†¦ but for every sensible line and or accurate fact there would be millions of meaningless cacophonies, verbal farragoes and babblings. † (216). The elusiveness of the Word manifests â€Å"the semiotic slippage which occurs between the sign and that which it represents† (Krenz). The result is a fluidity of values and the dissolution of linguistic and ontological boundaries and binaries. Hence, Borges Library of Babel is never a mechanism of institutionalization and codification. Being otherwise would weaken the universe/ library—that is, it would become finite, exhaustible, subject to the librarian’s comprehension and control. As the librarian-narrator puts it, he who has come across â€Å"the formula and perfect compendium† of the Library is a â€Å"Man of the Book†, â€Å"analogous to a god†.   The Library is an impregnable mystery which thrives (or prey?) on the librarian’s perplexity: â€Å"For four centuries now men have exhausted the hexagons†¦.Obviously no one expects to discover anything. † Borges reiterates the point when he writes of the librarians’ futile search for the â€Å"Vindication†, a source of â€Å"apology and prophecy†, in other words, justification, what could have been an antidote to their disembodiment: â€Å"†¦ the searchers did not remember that the possibility of a man’s finding his Vindication, or some treacherous variation thereof, can be computed as zero.† â€Å"The absence of a â€Å"catalogue of catalogues†, a â€Å"general theory of the Library† makes the Library a virtual Babel, the site of linguistic and intellectual contestation and creation, of pandemonium. Codes are never deciphered for to begin with, they do not exist. Seeming unique configurations of meanings are nothing but imitations, while imitations turn out to be diverse and entirely different versions of the originals (or more appropriately, pseudo and quasi-originals, that is,   if such exist). â€Å"The thinker observed that all the books, no matter how diverse they might be, are made up of the same elements: the space, the period, the comma, and the twenty-two letters of the alphabet† and yet, Borges is quick to remind, â€Å"there are no two identical books†. But Babel equals power, immensity and inexhaustibility. It is a â€Å"delirious god† with a schizophrenic nature: it â€Å"not only denounces the disorder but exemplify it as well.† Babel allows for the free play of codes or â€Å"catalogues†. It spells the perpetual arrangement, re-arrangement, disarrangement; interpretation, re-interpretation, misinterpretation; delineation and obliteration of meanings—what to the tragically curious and insatiable librarian is no less than a vicious cycle of symbols’ birth, death, resurrection and reincarnation: â€Å"thousands and thousands of false catalogues, the demonstration of the fallacy of those catalogues, the demonstration of the fallacy of the true catalogues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Ad infinitum. The effect is a prevailing atmosphere of incompleteness: â€Å"The light (the lamps) emit is insufficient, incessant† another manifestation of the Library’s inaccessibility and inconceivability. Thus, the individual, perpetually searching but never finding, is a premature organism. The yawning gap between the â€Å"delirious divinity† and the mortal pawn (who is delirious just the same) is highlighted: â€Å"Man, the imperfect librarian, may be the product of chance and malevolent demiurgi; the universe, with its elegant endowment of shelves, of enigmatical volumes, of inexhaustible stairways for the traveler and the latrine for the seated librarian can only be the work of a god.† Borges could have said â€Å"gods†. Critic Wilhelm Emrich writes: â€Å"†¦when life opens up all of its sluices†¦ and the whole of existence comes into view undisguised, no protective order whatever, no determining ‘law’ can be recognized any longer. Hence man can no longer ‘live’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (38). The librarian’s inability to exist consummately in the face of infinity reduces him to a fluid, nearly imaginary entity. His individuality, his last resort for a unique and concrete configuration of meanings (that is, the meaning of his existence) is gobbled up by the universal black hole of memory, mind and being. Apparently the death (physical and intellectual) of a librarian hardly makes a dent in the invincible mystery, which remains and will remain, unknown and unknowable, everything and nothing: â€Å"The certitude that everything has been written negates us or turns us into phantoms†¦.   but the Library will endure: illuminated, solitary, infinite, perfectly motionless, equipped with precious volumes, useless, incorruptible, secret.† The immortality of the Library and the mortality of the librarian coincides with immensity of the collective (and manifestations of collective effort) and the infinitesimal nature of the individual in Kafka’s Great Wall. Here the collective refers not so much to the mob per se, the individual in no better disguise, the empirical quality of which makes it subject to the natural cycle of demise and change. The collective in Kafka is the summation of essences permanent, the universe, particularly the Chinese cosmos. As with the infinite Library of Borges, the cosmos/ collective in Kafka defies and dictates physical and metaphysical time and space. The collective/ cosmos is empirically and metaphysically manifested by the empire (â€Å"immortal while the individual emperor falls and collapses†) and the Great Wall the immensity of which is a badge of power tantamount to infinity. Observes the narrator-builder: â€Å"The land is so huge, it would not permit (the nomads) to reach us. They would lose themselves in empty air.† The protection provided by the Great Wall is also metaphorical. Its function as political and moral center; what even at the beginning is seen as an assured confirmation of the endurance of the race, makes it a stable and unifying code for all-people (that is, the Chinese from time immemorial to the unimaginable and impossible end). This protective barrier is no different to what Emrich sees as the â€Å"customary existence†, the figurative footing outside which lies the â€Å"the conflicting powers that are open to countless interpretations†¦ that continuously ‘correct’ each other† (38). Outside the Great Wall lurks the Enemy— chaos and barbarity which in Kafkaesque terms translate to â€Å"the lawlessness of the human world†¦ the deterioration of values† (39). The assertion, though, is not without trapdoors. In qualifying the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese master code, a â€Å"dis-order† (Emrich, 39), (illusory but a code nonetheless) defeats its immunity, not to mention its infinity. A political and cultural parameter responsible for the delineation of spatial and metaphysical boundaries, to the Chinese, the Great Wall is imperial omnipotence in brick and mortar. Its construction is the beginning of â€Å"true† history, the birth of a â€Å"real† people. The Wall provides the palette for the re-creation and correcting of past values: â€Å"†¦and everything else was recognized only to the extent that it had some relationship (to masonry).† The narrator-builder adds how knowledge attained before the construction of the wall suddenly becomes anachronistic and useless. In this sense, what redeems the Wall from deteriorating into a false god is that it paves the way for the creation of a permanent collective, a people whose unity spans time and the absolute. What is infinite in the Wall is perhaps not so much the structure (which will inevitably succumb to decay) but the spirit, the inexhaustible faith infused in it. The builders â€Å"had a sense of themselves as part of the wall.† The impatience and hopelessness brought about by the Herculean task is more than enough to dampen the builder’s drive, making lose â€Å"faith in themselves, in the building and in the world.† In all respects the Great Wall looks forward to the future. Its consummation is meant to be witnessed by those to come. Yet as the narrator-builder emphasizes, the continuum of brotherhood is eternal: â€Å"Unity! †¦blood no longer confined in the limited circulation of the body but rolling sweetly and yet still returning through the infinite extent of China.† The values enclosed within the (Chinese) universe represented by the Wall is far from stagnant and clear-cut, though. Kafka uses the imagery of the â€Å"leadership† to portray the perpetual motion of signs and values. In this reservoir of meanings, the individual as signified by the singular identity of the leaders is obliterated (hence, the pluralistic connotation of the word leadership). Says the narrator-builder:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦where it was or who sat there no one I asked knows or knew— in this office I imagine that all human thoughts and wishes revolve in a circle, and all human aims and fulfillments in a circle going in opposite direction.† Quite understandably, the leadership defies history and time: it â€Å"existed even earlier.† Divine, the leadership is inaccessible to the finite mind. As the narrator puts it, â€Å"Try with all your powers to understand the orders of the leadership, but only up to a certain limit—then stop thinking about them.† So powerful is the â€Å"leadership† that even the Emperor is stripped of his regality and reduced to his frail and transient self when compared with it. The builders are masters of their own â€Å"truth†: â€Å"†¦the admirable innocent emperor believed he had given orders for (the Wall). We who are builders of the Wall knew otherwise and are silent.† Works Cited Borges, Jorge Luis. â€Å"The Total Library.† Selected non-fiction. Ed. Eliot Weinberger. Trans. Esther Allen et al. New York: Penguin Books, 1999. 214-216. The Library of Babel. 8 December 2007. http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jatill/175/libraryf.htm. Emrich, William. Franz Kafka: a critical study of his writings. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing, 1968. Kafka, Franz. The Great Wall of China. Trans. Ian Johnston. 23 March 2006. Johnstonia. 8 December 2007. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~Johnstoi/kafka. Krenz, David Christoph. Metaphors for/in infinity: The parables of Kafka, Borges and Calvino.   (Abstract). Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992. How to cite Mastery and Mystery in Kafka and Borges, Essay examples

Leadership Business Responsibilities

Question: Describe about the Report for Leadership of Business Responsibilities. Answer: Introduction The paper is mainly demonstrating the role and responsibilities of a leader in an organization. In this case, Mr. Sexton, president of New York University has been chosen for the analysis purpose. A case study has been given on this individual and his perception and activities for the university (Baskerville, De Marco, Spagnoletti, 2013). Lots of arguments and misconceptions are there on his job description and role. Through this overall paper different circumstances and their impacts on role could be observed. Main Analysis of the paper Mr. Sexton has been in this field for a long period of time. Trustees and other associations have strong support towards Mr. Sexton, but faculties dont have any kind of faith and support towards this individual. Different types of theories have been used for justifying the overall case study. Politics: Politics is the part of any kind of organizational activities. Multiple theories are there to justify the organizational politics. Pfeffers model depicts that leaders must have to focus on the goal of the business rather personal benefits of other individual. On the basis of that Mr. Sexton is right in his place, but he might be wrong on the basis of game theory of politics. By the virtue of this theory each of the stakeholders must have to be given right kind of respect and opportunity (Ehin, 2009). Job description: Governing body or respective members of an organization must have to focus on the appropriate person or individual for managing the overall operation. In this case perception and support of trustee has showed that they fully trust Mr. Sexton and his decision. They enhance the salary of president as they think Mr. Sexton can change the face of the organization (Hamm, 1991). Stakeholder theory is also important for any organization. According to this theory, each of the organizational stakeholders must have to be given priority in decision making process. If this case study is considered then stakeholder theory is not followed as Mr. Sexton has the highest right and role in decision making process. Example could be drawn from the expansion of new building of NYU. Most of the faculties didnt agree with the expansion proposal, but trustee supported the words of Sexton. Leaders are the prime backbone of the business context. By their hard work and decisions an organization could be able to expand to the larger platform. In this case Mr. John Sexton has played the role of leader as president in NYU. Halol devil effect is one of the important factors for the organizational management. After studying the case study it could be said that Mr. Sexton creates this Halol devil effect and due to this issue faculties of the university are disturbed with his decision making capabilities. According to Mr. Ronald, compliance theory is also associated with multiple factors and aspects. Through these understandings it could be said that Mr. President has always been focusing on the command instead of co-operation (Golembiewski, 2000). Theory states that command is sometime harmful or sometime beneficial for the business process. Same things have been happened in this case. In this case decisions of Sexton harmed the overall situation of the university, but his com mand and principle could lead the organization towards betterment. Multiple theories and principles are there regarding the resistance and its effect on the organizational change management process. The paper is highlighting the role and responsibilities of Mr. Sexton in the case of organizational management. According to the authors and past researchers, resistance could be raised from different parameters. It could be raised due to decisions of leader or through the system of the business (Lomi Harrison, 2012). After having the report it could be said that decisions of Sexton has been playing crucial role in organizational change. Most of the faculties dont support his decision as they think Sexton doesnt bother about any faculty member. On the contradictory, it could also be said that decisions of sexton has the power to omit all those obstacles. Incrementalism theory relies on the interconnections and mutual understandings of the respective members of the organization. Functionalities of Mr. Sexton cannot be matched with this theory as he doesnt want to take decisions by sharing with faculty members. Due to this issue a voting was raised in the University (Ohle Morley, 1994). These types of decision making process could harm the overall organizational culture and it can badly impact on the ethical dilemmas of the business. On the basis of ethical theory, functionalities of Sexton is suitable for business, but he doesnt have any right to stop the thinking right of staffs. Commitment and dedication, both are significant terms in the case of organizational process. Hopefully, Mr. Sexton has been carrying these qualities, but he must have to maintain a good attitude towards the other supporting members. From the case scenario of the New York Universitys Great Leadership, a contradiction has been raised regarding opening a new campus. Trustees are in favor of him but for faculties he is taking a wring decision. While expressing his Personality in Decision Making Skill, it has been evaluated that he always stick to his decision and it is proven that he decision is helping in growth of new projects. With the help of the psychometric factors like Behavioral Theory, Personality in Decision Making Skill can be presented. In accordance with N.Y.Us trustee, Dr. Sexton has good record of taking an effective decision for the universities (Halaychik, 2016). With the help of the decisions of Dr. Sexton, the university is able to sustain its position in the competitive international market. Along with that, the decision making skills of Dr. Sexton is praise worthy as his stewardship has been magnificent impact on the growth of the university. Though faculty is not agreeing with trustee, still Dr . Sexton is adamant in his decision. From these characteristics of Dr. Saxton, it has been analyzed that as he is sure about his decision so he is following autocratic leadership style. Dr. Sexton is not ready to hear any kind of second thoughts of the faculty. In accordance with the autocratic leadership style, he has only focused on his decision only. Even in the e-mail of Dr. Sexton, he has depicted politely that the decision is going to take for the betterment of the university; therefore, he is going to open a new campus in any way and this is going to be done in coming winter recess. Autocratic leadership style is under the Behavioral Theory and the obstinate behavior is showing that Dr. Sexton follows this style in order to incorporate his work. With the help of the Five Factor Model, the openness to experiences of Dr. Sexton is going to be analyzed. This trait of the renowned president helps in winning achievements for universities. He has record of taking right decisions and implements those decisions in the practical fields. It is a cognitive exploration of the inner experience of Dr. Sexton (Haddad Shepherd, 2011). The personality traits of the president are so noteworthy and it has direct association with the creativity. Here personality of Dr. Sexton is depending on the imagination, preference for variety, aesthetic sensitivity, alternative to inner feelings and intellectual curiosity. All these psychometric factors of Dr. Sexton are correlated while openness to experience. Socio psychology is exploring the way in which Dr. Sexton is dealing with the people of different social stature. Due to his rhetorical skills in conveying his thoughts to the others and trying to project his decision is the virtuous one. Among the several other theories on Socio psychological, president has focused on the Self-Perception Theory (LaPiere Farnsworth, 2002). With the help of the theory, he is focused on his own perception regarding the decision of opening a new campus. He perceived that this decision can be beneficial for N.Y.U so he sticks to his decision. In terms of making ethical decision, it can be said that Dr. Sexton has nor followed any ethical factors as he is imposing his own decision on other. He disobeys the decision of faculties and others and engrosses with his own decision (Ferrell, et al, 2005). The value and culture of ethical decision making cannot be obeyed by Dr. Sexton. Risk factor is always attached with this type of activity. Risks must have to be omitted in an efficient and effective manner. Decision making and attitude of Mr. Sexton might be harmful for the organization. The organization has been here by the support of efficient teachers and lecturers. If they will be harmed in a continuous manner, then they might move to another university. In that case organization might face problems due to the lack of competency. Conclusion Through the overall discussion overall understanding of the matter could be done. In this case role and responsibilities of Mr. Sexton has been judged and his characteristics can be justified. On a diplomatic point of view it could be said that Mr. Sexton is an ideal change maker for the NYU, but he is not the right person for managing the people. References Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2005).Business ethics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Haddad, M. Shepherd, B. (2011).Managing openness. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Halaychik, C. (2016).Lessons in library leadership. [Place of publication not identified]: Chandos Pub (Oxford) Ltd. LaPiere, R. Farnsworth, P. (1942).Social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. Baskerville, R., De Marco, M., Spagnoletti, P. (2013).Designing organizational systems. Berlin: Springer. Ehin, C. (2009).The organizational sweet spot. Dordrecht: Springer. Golembiewski, R. (2000).Handbook of organizational consultation. New York: Marcel Dekker. Hamm, R. (1991). Selection of verbal probabilities: A solution for some problems of verbal probability expression.Organizational Behavior And Human Decision Processes,48(2), 193-223. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90012-i Kato, A. (1977). Solution of Morita's problems concerning countably-compact-ifications.General Topology And Its Applications,7(1), 77-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-660x(77)90010-1 Lomi, A. Harrison, J. (2012).The garbage can model of organizational choice. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Mende, F. (2014). Problems of Lorentz Force and Its Solution.International Journal Of Physics,2(6), 211-216. https://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ijp-2-6-5 Ohle, N. Morley, C. (1994).How to Solve Typical School Problems. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Toch, H. Grant, J. (2005).Police as problem solvers. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay Essay All Professional businesss are guided by ethical codifications and underpinned by Values ( Bishman, 2004 ) and from the really beginning of Social Work, the profession has been seen as steadfastly rooted in values ( Reamer, 2001 ) ( Cited by Bishman, 2004 ) Every individual has a set of beliefs which influence actions, values relate to what we think others should make and what we ought to make, they are personal to us. ( Parrot, 2010:13 ) Although society may been seen as holding shared values we are all brought up with different personal values bases, this is an of import point to see when working with others, because our values can act upon the manner we behave. It would hence be seen as foolish to undervalue the significance of values within the Social Work Profession. ( Thompson, 2005: 109 ) We will write a custom essay sample on The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Our Personal Valuess can alter over clip, and our behavior can change as a consequence of the state of affairs we are in. From a immature age one of the most of import values instilled in me by my parents was to hold regard for others, this should be carried throughout life as we should handle others the manner in which we would anticipate to be treated. The importance of holding a value base for Social Work is to steer Social Workers and protect the involvement of Services Users. ( Parrot, 2010:17 ) As a rehearsing Social Worker it is of import to recognize personal values and to be able to understand, state of affairss will show themselves were personal and professional values can conflict. It was merely when we had the talkers in that I began to oppugn my ain values. NISCC outlines a codification of Practice for Social Workers to adhere to, from listening to the talkers in category one issue that was highlighted was that of partnership. Partnership is now a really apparent portion of mundane linguistic communication of people involved in the procedure of supplying attention. ( Tait and Genders 2002 ) However it is non ever set into pattern. Mr Y referred to being kept in the dark about his unwellness, he was finally given a diagnosing, but it was neer explained to him what the significance of this diagnosing was or how it would impact his life. Social Workers have to exert professional discretion, due to the nature of their work ; opinions have to be made which involve values and effects that make the worker accountable for their actions. ( Thompson 2009 ) Partnership working is really of import for people with a disablement, I was able to recognize a struggle with my personal values when one of the Mr X spoke about a visit to the GP, where the GP was inquiring the carer how the Service User was experiencing instead that inquiring them, from listening to this I was able to recognize that this is something that I have done in the yesteryear and possible infantilises the person with remarks such as mentioning to them as we dote or wee pet and I neer thought that there was anything incorrect with utilizing these statements, nevertheless from the experience gained I can recognize that my personal values and the professional values are in struggle at this point. It is a manner of suppressing this person, and failure to advance their rights as an individual. When sing this in concurrence with the NISCC Code Of Practice, it was clear that there was a conflicting of values. NISCC states that as a Social Care worker we must protect the rights and promote the involvements of service users and carers as the Disabled Movement states Nothing about us, without us. We need to see the Service User position, one of the talkers stated effective partnership working should include the professionals and the Service user. Partnership is a cardinal value in the professional value base underpinning Community Care. Braye and Preston-Shoot 200343 ) Partnership should be promoted in several ways such as maintaining an unfastened duologue between professionals and Service Users, puting purposes, being honest about the differences of sentiment and how the power differences can impact them and supplying the Service User with information that helps to advance their apprehension. ( Braye and Preston-Shoot 2003 ) In the instance if the talker who was non given a diagnosing for a long clip and was merely put out of the adviser s office this cardinal countries did non use. Another issue that was striking was that of independency, ab initio my personal position was non of person with a disablement being independent, my personal experience in the yesteryear had led me to believe that people with a disablement required a batch of aid and were dependant on a carer to supply that aid, I did nt see them as being in employment. Some of these values were rather hibernating until I began working in the Social Care Field. The Speakers that we had in from Willow bank explained that they all have occupations and purpose to be every bit independent as possible. This highlighted the struggle between my personal and professional values which I need to be cognizant of. The NISCC codification of pattern provinces a Social Worker should advance the independency of Service Users, this is one struggle that I can admit with my personal values, I need to look at the bigger image an position the service users as single people with alone traits and involvements it is of impor t that they are non labelled due to their disablement, It is viewed that it is society which disables physically impaired people, disablement is something imposed on top of damages by the manner we are unnecessarily isolated and excluded from full engagement in society. ( Oliver 1996 ) My Personal position was that I believe that we should take to make things for people with disablements, I have frequently found myself transporting out undertakings for them that I know they are able to execute themselves, when the talker from 6th sense spoke about how she had been spoon fed and pushed around the resort area as a kid had gave her a sense of erudite weakness, it made me admit my ain actions. Again this is another country where my personal values conflict with the professional values. Respect for individuals in an highly of import values, although I believe I was brought up to demo regard for others by making dependence in a manner is disrespectful to the person. The publicity of independency is of import, it is important to see those with a disablement as single people. The NISCC codification of pattern high spots As a societal attention worker, you must esteem the rights of service users while seeking to guarantee that their behavior does non harm themselves or other people. Keeping in line with the NISCC Code of Practice I need to actively dispute my ain biass in order to guarantee that I am advancing anti-oppressive pattern. Bing able to understand the value conflicts in pattern can turn out to be really good. It can assist us admit the differences in the power construction, which can suppress the service user. Social Workers aim to authorise the Service User, to assist them assist themselves. It is of import that Professional values are ever at the head to advance anti-oppressive pattern. Social Work Practice is underpinned by Torahs, policies and processs. It is of import to ever be cognizant of the Service Users perspectives, this will assist guarantee more effectual and efficient pattern. Both our personal and professional values need to be acknowledged for effectual and efficient pattern. It is of small usage if Social Workers have a professional value base which does nt inform or act upon their pattern, Social Work moralss can be understood as Values put into actions. ( Banks, 2006 )

Free Essays on Abigale Williams

Abigail Williams is a seventeen-year-old girl who, between the ages of 5 and 6, saw her parents brutally murdered. From that day on she has been living with her Uncle Rev. Parris, her cousin, Betty Parris, and their nanny Tituba. She is in love with John Proctor, an older man who is happily married with three kids. Abigail is very persistent in trying to break up the Proctor’s marriage. She will do whatever it takes to attain what she wants. An extremely bossy girl, she has no tolerance for people who don’t obey her commands. Her belief is that people who don’t obey her should be punished. If there is a task at hand she is usually the one in charge because people are afraid of her. She is also very opinionated; if she has an opinion about you, you will know. Abigail is first seen to be breaking the rules by dancing in the woods and casting spell and charms on the local people of Salem. Later on, once her uncle finds them, and she admits to dancing but says nothing else. My First impression of Abigail is that she seemed like a normal teenager. Dancing is normal and wanting to have a good name is absolutely normal. It is quickly shown that Abigail is a girl who receives what she wants no matter how much it will cost the people around her. In my opinion knowing what you want is a good thing but hurting people in the process is not a good thing. Abigail runs into numerous of problems in the play starting with her uncle finding her dancing in the woods, which at this time, is against the law. For this, she quickly is accused of also practicing witch craft. Abigail try to convince her uncle that all she did is dance by saying, â€Å"Uncle, we did dance; let you tell them I confessed it and I’ll be whipped if I must be. But they’re speaking of which craft. Betty is not witched.† She is just trying to stay out of as much trouble as she can because the punishment for dancing and witchery is whipping and hanging which Abigail is try... Free Essays on Abigale Williams Free Essays on Abigale Williams Abigail Williams is a seventeen-year-old girl who, between the ages of 5 and 6, saw her parents brutally murdered. From that day on she has been living with her Uncle Rev. Parris, her cousin, Betty Parris, and their nanny Tituba. She is in love with John Proctor, an older man who is happily married with three kids. Abigail is very persistent in trying to break up the Proctor’s marriage. She will do whatever it takes to attain what she wants. An extremely bossy girl, she has no tolerance for people who don’t obey her commands. Her belief is that people who don’t obey her should be punished. If there is a task at hand she is usually the one in charge because people are afraid of her. She is also very opinionated; if she has an opinion about you, you will know. Abigail is first seen to be breaking the rules by dancing in the woods and casting spell and charms on the local people of Salem. Later on, once her uncle finds them, and she admits to dancing but says nothing else. My First impression of Abigail is that she seemed like a normal teenager. Dancing is normal and wanting to have a good name is absolutely normal. It is quickly shown that Abigail is a girl who receives what she wants no matter how much it will cost the people around her. In my opinion knowing what you want is a good thing but hurting people in the process is not a good thing. Abigail runs into numerous of problems in the play starting with her uncle finding her dancing in the woods, which at this time, is against the law. For this, she quickly is accused of also practicing witch craft. Abigail try to convince her uncle that all she did is dance by saying, â€Å"Uncle, we did dance; let you tell them I confessed it and I’ll be whipped if I must be. But they’re speaking of which craft. Betty is not witched.† She is just trying to stay out of as much trouble as she can because the punishment for dancing and witchery is whipping and hanging which Abigail is try...

Wilma Rudolph Quotes

Wilma Rudolph Quotes The fastest woman in the world at the 1960 Olympics where she won three gold medals, Wilma Rudolph wore metal braces on her legs as a child. Known for her dignity and grace, Wilma Rudolph died of brain cancer in 1994. Selected Wilma Rudolph Quotations Never underestimate the power of dreams and the influence of the human spirit. We are all the same in this notion. The potential for greatness lives within each of us. My doctors told me I would never walk again. My mother told me I would. I believed my mother. The triumph cant be had without the struggle. And I know what struggle is. I have spent a lifetime trying to share what it has meant to be a woman first in the world of sports so that other young women have a chance to reach their dreams. I dont consciously try to be a role model, so I dont know if I am or not. Thats for other people to decide. I tell them that the most important aspect is to be yourself and have confidence in yourself. I remind them the triumph cant be had without the struggle. No matter what accomplishments you make, somebody helps you. I thought Id never get to see that. Florence Griffith Joyner every time she ran, I ran. about her leg braces: I spent most of my time trying to figure out how to get them off. But when you come from a large, wonderful family, theres always a way to achieve your goals. I walked with braces until I was at least nine years old. My life wasnt like the average person who grew up and decided to enter the world of sports. My mother taught me very early to believe I could achieve any accomplishment I wanted to. The first was to walk without braces. I ran and ran and ran every day, and I acquired this sense of determination, this sense of spirit that I would never, never give up, no matter what else happened. By the time I was 12 I was challenging every boy in our neighborhood at running, jumping, everything. The feeling of accomplishment welled up inside of me, three Olympic gold medals. I knew that was something nobody could ever take away from me, ever. When I was going through my transition of being famous, I tried to ask God why was I here? what was my purpose? Surely, it wasnt just to win three gold medals. There has to be more to this life than that. What do you do after you are world famous and nineteen or twenty and you have sat with prime ministers, kings and queens, the Pope? Do you go back home and take a job? What do you do to keep your sanity? You come back to the real world. When the sun is shining I can do anything; no mountain is too high, no trouble too difficult. I believe in me more than anything in this world. Related Resources for Wilma Rudolph Women in Track and FieldWomen in the Olympics Explore Womens Voices and Womens History Womens Voices - About Womens QuotesPrimary SourcesBiographiesToday in Womens HistoryWomens History Home About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis 1997-2005. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Citation information:Jone Johnson Lewis. Wilma Rudolph Quotes. About Womens History. URL: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/wilma_rudolph.htm . Date accessed: (today). (More on how to cite online sources including this page)

American culture has infiltrated and marred China culture Essay

American culture has infiltrated and marred China culture - Essay Example It is much easier for American culture to infiltrate as compared to Chinese culture. Considering that English is the language of communication in America and many other countries across the world, the American culture has a much greater possibility of infiltrating Chinese culture than the vice versa. One impediment to the infiltration of Chinese culture across the word is the language. The Chinese language still has a very small presence across the world and this, therefore, limits the spread of the culture. Similarly, many people are still much reluctant to appreciate and fully accept Chinese culture as part and parcel of their daily operations (Sanvictores, 96). It is indeed true that American culture has infiltrated and marred Chines culture in many parts of the world. As China seeks to create a strong presence especially in the developing world, it encounters a series of challenges in relation to American culture. Part of this cultural hindrance arises out of the common assumption that American culture is superior to most of the other cultures. In this case, people might always want to be associated with this form of culture and not really the Chinese culture (Sanvictores, 56). In addition, America has greatly mastered the art of cleverly spreading its culture and making many people adopt some of the things it deems proper. In China today, many people are greatly trying to adopt the western way of life by learning English and practicing some of the cultural practices realized in America.

Financial planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial planning - Essay Example Planning requires cooperation from the different departments in a corporation. A key budget that can guide a company is the master budget. A master budget is a set of interrelated budgets that constitutes a plan of action for a specific period of time (Weygandt, Kieso, Kimmel, 2002). The statements of cash flow is a key report that provides insight into the cash activities of the firm during an accounting period. The three categories of this statement are operating, investing, and financing activities. Cash is the most liquid and important asset a company has. A lack of cash can put a company out of operation because without cash a company cannot pay its current liabilities. Cash flow is of vital importance to the health of a business (Businesscasestudies, 2015). Investment planning is important because choosing the right investments and projects allow corporations the ability to maximize shareholders wealth. Businesscasestudies.co.uk (2015). Controlling cash flow for business growth. Retrieved January 17, 2015 from

University and Sharpie Essay Example for Free

University and Sharpie Essay Sharpie, the company that produces a line of high quality markers that comes in a wide variety of colors. College or university students use them because of their bright and vibrant colors. To further spread the word out for their amazing product, a campaign is devised. Thus, we came out with â€Å"Let the colors speak†. This campaign focuses on the variety of colors they provide, and how important it is without them. It is collaboration between†¦ This campaign will first begin promoting via social media, where most of Sharpie’s main target audience spends time on. Here they†¦ Objective: To help Sharpie increase its brand awareness, further improve its product engagement leading to an increase in sales. Solution: To show how limited one could express with the absence of color. We express them in contrast to the extreme: A blindfolded person with Sharpie colored markers will draw a monster that they think, is able to escape the box. Thus, we present to you, Let Your Imaginations Run Wild. Colleges and universities will be contacted to host the major event. They will compete against each other via social media, and the winner will have the drawn monster sculpted into form as a prize for the college. The shortlisted individuals will also receive a trophy of their own monster. Expected Results: An expected increased traffic to Sharpie’s Facebook page for the first few launching hours. College students will be notified and a spread of voice is expected to happen in the next few days. A healthy competition in the name of imagination is expected to occur among different colleges. Ultimately, we expect to meet the objectives: increased brand awareness among target audience, product engagement is done during the interactions and also an increase in sales.

Tracing Changes in Pythagoras Speech in Ovids Metamorphoses

Tracing Changes in Pythagoras' Speech in Ovid's Metamorphoses    Change in Ovid, as well as in life, seems to be the only constant.  Ã‚   Change is the subject of the Metamorphoses and Ovid's purpose in recounting myths is established from the very beginning: "My intention is to tell of bodies changed to different forms... with a poem that runs from the world's beginning to our own days" (1.1-4).   From this foundation, Ovid launches into his stories, using metamorphosis more as a vehicle for telling his stories than as an actual subject matter.   Although he retells religious myths, Ovid is not writing a religious manuscript.   Rather, the product is a work of literature.   Ovid is conscious that he is writing literature, not religion, and implied in his intention to tell "of bodies changed" is also to demonstrate how skillful he can retell these stories.   Ovid could have dealt with the metamorphoses theme in a philosophical manner, but philosophy seems out of place in this rich literary work.   For this reason, the speech of Pythagoras in book fifteen seems to be an odd shift in tone. Using Pythagoras as a mouthpiece, Ovid's playful narrative abruptly turns into a long diatribe against meat eating.   Given the informal nature of the previous fourteen books, this scene seems out of place.   But the Pythagorean episode is not without its purpose.   Pythagoras' speech on the nature of metamorphosis is Ovid's way of contrasting his own eloquent style of narration in the Metamorphoses.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By contrast, Pythagoras' speech is a rather dry oration.   It is a reminder on Ovid's part of what the Metamorphoses would have been had he concentrated on metamorphosis as an actual subject rather than a literary vehicle.1   Unlike Ovid's oth... ... part, immortal, will be borne above the stars; my name will be remembered... I shall be living always" (15.867-879).   This is a highly ironic ending, especially since in the Pythagorean episode, Ovid has asserted that nothing save the soul is immortal.   Ovid seems pretentious to assert that his poetry will be "immortal."   But we have not read the Metamorphoses correctly if we take this seriously.   Ovid's tone is tongue-in-cheek in a large majority of his poem, and it be would out of character for him to assert this.   It is a bit of subtle humor on Ovid's part.   Humorous or conceited, Ovid so far has proven to be correct.    1 Karl Galinsky, Ovid's Metamorphoses: An Introduction to the Basic Aspects, University of California Press, 1975, p 106. 2 Richard D. McKirahan, Jr., Philosophy Before Socrates, Hackett Publishers, 1994, p 81. 3 Galinsky, 48.

Nano Technology in Civil Engineering Essay

Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Nano construction; Traditionally, nanotechnology has been concerned with developments in the fields of microelectronics, medicine and materials sciences. However, the potential for application of many of the developments in the nanotechnology field in the area of construction engineering is growing. In this paper a broad overview of the potential application of various nanotechnology developments in the construction engineering field is discussed, and the potential for further basic research that may lead to improved systems is evaluated. Nonotechnology; Nanotechnology is a field that is dominated by developments in basic physics and chemistry research, where phenomena on atomic and molecular level are used to provide materials and structures that perform tasks that are not possible using the materials in their typical macroscopic form. The  evolution of technology and instrumentation as well as its related scientific areas such as physics and chemistry are making the research on nanotechnology aggressive and evolutional. Not surprisingly, it is observed that expenditure on nanotechnology research is significant. However, the research is mainly moving forward motivated by immediate profitable return generated by high value commercial products . It has been established by study, nanotechnology in construction ranked 8 of 10 applications that most likely have impact in the developing world. Nanotechnology covers the design, construction and utilization of functional structures with at least one characteristic dimension measured in nanometers. The field of nanotechnology has developed in major leaps during the past 10 years. These developments were mainly driven by factors such as dedicated initiatives in the field (e.g. the National Nanotechnology Initiative) , APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION: Nanotechnology can be used for design and construction processes in many areas since nanotechnology generated products have many unique characteristics. These include products that are for: Lighter structure; Stronger structural composites e.g. for bridges etc ; Low maintenance coating ; Improving pipe joining materials and techniques ; Better properties of cementitious materials ; Reducing the thermal transfer rate of fire retardant and insulation ; Increasing the sound absorption of acoustic absorber ; Increasing the reflectivity of glass. There are large numbers of applications of nanotechnology in construction engineering/industry. Some of these applications are examined in detail below.   Concrete: Concrete is one of the most common and widely used construction materials. The rapid development of new experimental techniques makes it possible to study the properties of cementitious materials at micro/nano-scale. Research has been conducted to study the hydration process, alkali-silicate reaction (ASR), and fly ash reactivity using nanotechnology. The better understanding  of the structure and behavior of concrete at micro/nano-scale could help to improve concrete properties and prevent the illness, such as ASR. Addition of nanoscale materials into cement could improve its performance. In , Li (2004) found that nano-SiO2 could significantly increase the compressive for concrete, containing large volume fly ash, at early age and improve pore size distribution by filling the pores between large fly ash and cement particles at nanoscale. The dispersion/slurry of amorphous nanosilica is used to improve segregation resistance for self-compacting concrete. It has also been reported that adding small amount of carbon nanotube (1%) by weight could increase both compressive and flexural strength . Cracking is a major concern for many structures. When the microcapsules are broken by a crack, the healing agent is released into the crack and contact with the catalyst. The polymerization happens and bond the crack faces. The selfhealing polymer could be especially applicable to fix the microcracking in bridge piers and columns. But it requires costly epoxy injection. Structural Composites Steel is a major construction material. Its properties, such as strength, corrosion resistance, and weld ability, are very important for the design and construction. FHWA together with American Iron and Steel Institute and the U.S. Navy started to develop new, low carbon, high-performance steel (HPS) for bridges in 1992. Nano with concrete; The new steel was developed with higher corrosion-resistance and weld ability by incorporating copper nanoparticles from at the steel grain boundaries. Sandvik NanoflexTM is new stainless steel with ultra-high strength, good formability, and a good surface finish developed by Sandvik Nanoflex Materials Technology. Due to its high performance, Sandvik NanoflexTM is suitable for application which requires lightweight and rigid designs. Its good corrosion and wear resistance can keep life-cycle costs low. Attractive or wear resistant surfaces can be achieved by various treatments (Sandvik Nanoflex Materials Technology). MMFX2 is nanostructure-modified steel, produced by MMFX Steel Corp. Wireless sensors based on nanotechnology are used to alert engineers; Compared with the conventional steel, it has a fundamentally different microstructure- alaminated lath structure resembling â€Å"plywood†. This unique structure provides MMFX2 steel with amazing strength (three times stronger), ductility, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Due to high cost, the stainless steel reinforcement in concrete structure is limited in high risk environments. The MMFX2 steel could be an alternative because it has the similar corrosion resistance to that of stainless steel, but at a much lower cost (MMFX Steel Corp.). Nano coatings; Coating: The coatings incorporating certain nanoparticles or nanolayers have been developed for certain purpose. It is one of the major applications of nanotechnology in construction. For example, TiO2 is used to coat glazing because of its sterilizing and anti fouling properties. The TiO2 will break down and disintegrate organic dirt through powerful catalytic reaction . Furthermore, it is hydrophilic, which allow the water to spread evenly over the surface and wash away dirt previously broken down. Other special coatings also have been developed, such as anti-fraffiti, thermal control, energy sawing, and anti-reflection coating. Nanosensors: Nano and microelectrical mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors have been developed and used in construction to monitor and/or control the environment condition and the materials/structure performance. One advantage of these sensors is their dimension (10-9m to 10-5m). Nano sensors; These sensors could be embedded into the structure during the construction process. Smart aggregate, a low cost Piezoceramic-based multi-functional device has been applied to monitor early age concrete properties such as moisture, temperature, relative humidity and early age strength development. The sensors can also be used to monitor concrete corrosion and cracking. The smart aggregate can also be used for structure health monitoring. The disclosed system can monitor internal stresses, cracks and other physical  forces in the structures during the structures’ life. It is capable of providing an early indication of the health of the structure before a failure of the structure can occur. FUTURE CHALLENGE AND DIRECTION: As with most developing technologies, a major number of challenges exist during the initiation of the application of the technology into reality. It is important to be realistic and identify and plan for the limitations and challenges inherent in this process. In this section a short summary of selected challenges and limitations affecting application of nanotechnology in construction engineering are provided. The following main challenges and limitations can be defined: Fabrication, Health, Environment and Cost: Fabrication: Current efforts in the field of nanotechnology are focused on the fabrication, characterization and use of these materials on a nanoscale domain. This leads to most of the development work focusing on very small quantities of material that is typically far removed from the type of quantities required for typical construction infrastructure. One of the potential solutions to this is to focus on the nano materials to act as catalyser, thereby reducing the amount of nano material required substantially. Another viewpoint is that for many applications, the material does not necessarily have to be used on a nano scale to obtain a major improvement in benefits. This would be the case with reduction of the dimensions of cement, where a substantial improvement in strength can already be obtained through the large scale milling of the cement to a finer form than the traditional form. Although the cement may not be purely a nano material as yet, the benefits obtained would already be substantial. Nano in roads; Health: Nanotechnology based construction products might be harmful to health. For example, the nanotubes [14] might cause a lung problem to construction workers. In other words, it creates an environmental challenge to the construction industry as well. Environment: The effect of various nonmaterials’ on the natural environment is hotly debated in nanotechnology and environmental research. Various ongoing investigations focus on the uncertainty regarding the potential effects of materials that exist on the nanoscale with properties that are different than when using the material on a micro or macro scale. Some work in this regard shows that the potential effects may be minimal. As constructed infrastructure are provided in the natural environment, all materials used in the construction and maintenance of these facilities need to be compatible to the natural environment and their effects on the natural environment should not be negative. Typical potential problems in this regard include leaching of materials into groundwater, release of materials into airways through the generation of dust and exposure to potentially harmful materials during construction and maintenance operations. The nanotechnology becomes a double-edge sword to the construction industry. More research and practice efforts are needed with smart design and planning, construction projects can be made sustainable and therefore save energy, reduce resource usage, and avoid damages to environment. Cost The costs of most nanotechnology materials and equipment are relatively high. This is due to the novelty of the technology and the complexity of the equipment used for preparation and characterization of the materials Nano Technology in Transportation Engineering However, costs have been shown to decrease over time and the expectations are that, as manufacturing technologies improve, these costs may further decrease. Whether the expected decreases will render the materials as run-of-the-mill construction engineering materials will have to be seen, and depends largely on the benefits rendered through the application of these materials. Current opinion is that in special cases, the materials will enable unique solutions to complicated problems that cause them to be cost effective, which will lead to large-scale application of these specific technologies. In other cases the traditional methods for treating the problem may still remain the most cost effective. It is the challenge to the  construction engineer to solve real world transportation infrastructure problems and provide a facility to the general public at a reasonable cost. CONCLUSIONS †¢Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding area of research where novel properties of materials manufactured on the nanoscale can be utilized for the benefit of construction infrastructure †¢A number of promising developments exist that can potentially change the service life and life-cycle cost of construction infrastructure. : †¢Focused research into the timeous and directed research into nanotechnology for construction infrastructure should be pursued to ensure that the potential benefits of this technology can be obtained to provide longer life and more economical transport infrastructure REFERENCES: www.asme.org/nanowebcast www.aggregateresearch.com www.nanoforum.org www.gogle.com

Differing Scholarly Views on the Euthanasia Situation

Differing Scholarly Views on the Euthanasia Situation People in Canada are diagnosed with terminal illness’ every day. They know when they are going to die and often suffer until then. Why can’t patients diagnosed with a terminal illness be given the option to be euthanized? It would allow such patients to die painlessly and peacefully instead of having to suffer. While currently illegal in all but five areas of the world, assisted suicide and euthanasia are quickly becoming a more prevalent topic globally with more and more countries looking at making the move to legalize the acts.It has been legalized nationally in countries such as the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium while also being legalized in the states of Oregon and Washington in the United States of America. The article from the New England Journal of Medicine, Redefining Physicians` Role in Assisted Dying by Lisa Lehmann, uses the state of Oregon as a basis for much of her research and probing into both si des of the argument behind euthanasia.Margaret Somerville, a world renown ethicist and academic known for some of her controversial views, also gives her own insight into the topic in the article Legalized Euthanasia Only a Breath Away, published by the Globe and Mail. Somerville bases much of her argument around personal opinions and strong beliefs. I will examine the merits and proposals brought forth by each author and compare them to each other. The contrast between these two papers is quite evident in ways of structure and delivery of information.In Somerville`s article, she establishes early on that, morally speaking, assisted death is a blatant disregard for the sanctity and respect for human life. She even goes as far as to call it â€Å"unconstitutional†. When describing the people who stand on either side of this argument of legalizing euthanasia, she says, â€Å"†¦it comes down to a direct conflict between the value of respect for human life, on the one hand, and individual rights to autonomy and self-determination – the value of `choice`- on the other. She establishes the two positions one has to choose from in the argument over this topic and leaves little room for change on either side. This entire argument being based solely on her opinion and giving no facts to back either of the positions makes it very biased in favour of keeping euthanasia illegal. In Somerville’s article, she shows the availability of the process in Oregon and how it is very helpful to those who seek it out. Somerville believes that no one should have control over whether another human lives or dies.That is why she believes euthanasia should be an available option to terminal patients. One of the driving points that Somerville delivers is that, â€Å"research shows that the most likely reasons people want assisted suicide/euthanasia are fear of being abandoned – dying alone and unloved. † Without any source cited for the research, it brings the validity of the argument into question. It seems more of a popular opinion twisted into a fact for the purpose of supporting an argument, especially after comparing Lehmann’s article is read.She quotes from the thirteenth annual report from Oregon`s Death with Dignity Act that, â€Å"Most (patients) say that they are motivated by a loss of autonomy and an inability to engage in activities that give their meaning† as the primary reason for considering euthanasia in Oregon. It also cites lack of ability to control pain being one of the least common reasons for euthanizing as well, due in regards to the leaps and bounds modern medicine has made in palliative care in contrast to the 60’s. Having an element of control over the time one dies and how it happens is something that is understandable for many terminal patients to desire.Knowing when they are supposed to die makes it very hard for terminal patients to fully enjoy any life experiences because they constantly remind themselves of how little time they have until their death. This statement brings doubt to the â€Å"research† that Somerville uses to fortify her stance against assisted death, especially with a lack of a credible source into said research. Within Lehman’s article, she states some main objections to euthanasia commonly used by critics. One is that having an option to end one’s life will reduce the quality of palliative care.But that is not the case in Oregon. Lehman’s research has shown that overall spending and patient ratings on palliative care have consistently risen in the thirteen year period that euthanasia has been legal. Another popular objection is that practitioners of euthanasia are working on a â€Å"slippery slope† and that the process for selecting euthanasia candidates will someday be expanded to accept patients with nonterminal illnesses or even non-voluntary euthanasia. But within Oregon, Lehman describes how a p atient must go a long process before actually being euthanized.A panel of medical professionals considers many different factors of the patient such as diagnosis, pain tolerance, depression, state of mind, and many others. This process takes at least 2-4 weeks. After taking all the factors into consideration, the patient will be given the panel’s decision on whether they are a candidate for euthanasia. Strict tangencies such as the review panel that are in place within Oregon will prevent any change to euthanasia laws. The guidelines are very â€Å"black and white† so there are no misinterpretations and the laws are set in stone.Lehman’s opinions are well thought out and well supported by the research into the process in Oregon, one of the few places on Earth with a legal euthanasia practice. Research into the selection process directly contradicts many popular objection made by critics against legalization of euthanasia. Opinions are very powerful tools that ca n greatly influence the outcome and views of others in open and controversial topics. Opinions should be based around factual information and solid research, not personal beliefs and motives. This is the clear case between Somerville’s and Lehmann’s articles.Both being very qualified and knowledgeable in different areas of study, Lehman simply uses her research and time resources fully and reaps the rewards of having a very strong opinion based around factual information based on the foundations of research. Lehman’s opinion will carry much more weight that Somerville’s which is based off unproven claims and research with no citations. When it comes to controversial topics such as euthanasia, it is important to collect as much information as possible before making an informed decision on whether to have it as an option to terminal patients or not.The decision made will impact people’s lives one way or another. It’s just a matter of which dec ision will have a greater benefit for the human population. Author. â€Å"Title of Article. † Name of Magazine. Name of Publisher, Day Mon. Year: Pages. Medium. Date you accessed it. Somerville, M. â€Å"Legalized Euthanasia Only A Breath Away. † Globe and Mail, 16 June. 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012 Lehmann, L. â€Å"Redefining Physician’s Role in Assisted Dying. † New England Journal of Medicine, 12 July. 2012: 97-99. 367. Retrieved October 14, 2012 Word Count: 1195

History of Baseball Essays

History of Baseball Essays History of Baseball Paper History of Baseball Paper One of the most popular sports in the United States is baseball.   It is even regarded as the national pastime (Rader 42).   For the average American, every summer and spring time, is the season to play this exciting â€Å"bat and ball† game of baseball.   Still, other baseball enthusiasts who catch the games live or on screen as they keep track of the progress of their players and teams of choice. At the eastern region of the country during the middle part of the 1800s, people started to learn how to play the game of baseball (Reiss 236).   Eventually, the game started to spread across the Untied States.   In the year 1876, the National League was established.   In 1900, the American League was then formed (Riess 4).   Over the years, the game began to spread beyond the borders of the United States reaching different regions around the globe. Historians suggest that the game of baseball can trace its origins from an old English sport called rounders (Block and Wiles 3).   They claim that it is from this game that early Americans developed what is now known as baseball.   Notwithstanding the aforementioned evidence however, many people still regard Abner Doubleday, an American as the inventor of the game. Beginning in the year 1700s, American colonists who settled in New England started to play a game of rounders (Block and Wiles 160).   The game they played came to be known by several other names such as the Massachusetts game, town ball, and occasionally, baseball.   Sets of rules have been printed in books every so often.   Nonetheless, those who play the game normally manipulated the rules in accordance to their local traditions (Block and Wiles 15). The distances between the bases, the number of bases themselves, as well as the number of players on either side, together with other rules of the game differed from one place to the other.   Eventually, Americans changed the game into what is now known as baseball.   Among the significant highlights of such development happened the moment the practice of soaking runners has been replaced by the practice of tagging them instead.   Historians believe that the players in New York City made such changes to the rules of the game some time around 1830s or 1840s (Block and Wiles 185). Regardless of the evidences presented suggesting that baseball developed from the game of rounders, many people still believe that it was indeed Abner Doubleday of Cooperstown, New York, who must be regarded as the inventor of the game.   Many people believe that Doubleday invented the game in the year 1839 (Rader 7). During the early part of the 1900s, the Doubleday Theory surfaced from a debate over the origin of the game.   Albert G. Spalding proposed the appointment of a commission to resolve the argument over the origin of baseball.   Many people expressed before the commission that the game developed from rounders.   In 1908 however, through a published report made by the commission, Doubleday was credited to be the inventor of baseball.   The commission based its judgment from a letter written by the childhood friend of Doubleday named Abner Graves.   Graves claim that he has witnessed the invention of the game (Rader 93). Today, historians believe that Doubleday has hardly any contribution if not none, to the game of baseball (Riess 17).   Moreover, they stress that the game illustrated by Grave involved the routine of soaking runners.   Therefore, the game Graves describe is actually no different from rounders. A New York sportsman named Alexander Cartwright is acknowledged to be the Father of Organized Baseball (Block and Wiles 20).   Cartwright formed the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York in 1845.   He was also the one who crafted its set of rules.   The first of its kind, the club’s main goal is to play baseball.   The set of rules initially drafted as well as the additions which came in 1848 and 1854 largely influenced how the game is played at present (Block and Wiles 84). In accordance to the original set of rules, the distance between the bases measures 90 feet or 27.4 meters (Block and Wiles 82).   Each base is composed of nine players.   The 1845 set of rules was where the earliest recorded mention of the need to tag runner instead of the need to soak them can be found.   Three years after, the set of rules has been amended indicating the need to tag the first base to put a batter out on a ground ball.   This rule is still being followed until today.   In 1854, the force out rule was incorporated (Block and Wiles 84). The Knickerbocker Club competed with the New York Nine on June 19, 1846 making history as the first baseball game ever to be played involving two organized teams (Rader 7).   The game was held at the Elysian Fields located in Hoboken, New Jersey.   The teams scored 23 to 1 in favor of the New York Nine (Rader 9). The Civil War was instrumental in spreading the game across the United States.   Union soldiers regarded baseball as a form of recreation (Riess 4).   Whenever Union soldiers play the game, prisoners and troops alike were watching them.   Thus, more and more people learned how to play the game.   When they returned home after the war, they shared what they have learned.   From then on, the game has gained a huge following all over the country. Interest in the game of baseball increased following the year 1900 (Rader 100).   From that time on, it has become an important component of the average American life.   Leisure time has been spent playing the game outdoors.   Baseball players leading their respective leagues become local if not national heroes.   Famous philosopher Jacques Barzun once said that if one wants to know the mind and heart of America, he or she must learn how to play the country’s national pastime (Riess 1). Block, David and Tim Wiles. Baseball before we knew it: A Search for the Roots of the Game. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. Rader, Benjamin. Baseball: A History of America’s Game. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2008. Riess, Steven A. Touching Base: Professional Baseball and American Culture in the Progressive Era. 1999.

A Survey on Fingerprint Mathing Algorithms

A Survey on Fingerprint Mathing Algorithms In this networked world, users store their significant and less significant data over internet (cloud). Once data is ported to public Internet, security issues pop-up. To address the security issues, the present day technologies include traditional user-id and password mechanism and a onetime password (two-factor authentication). In addition to that, using the inexpensive scanners built into smartphones, fingerprint authentication is incorporated for improved security for data communication between the cloud user and the cloud provider. The age old image processing technique is revisited for processing the fingerprint of the user and matching against the stored images with the central cloud server during the initial registration process. In this paper, various fingerprint matching algorithms are studied and analyzed. Two important areas are addressed in fingerprint matching process: fingerprint verification fingerprint identification. The former compares two fingerprint and says they are similar or not; while the latter searches a database to identify the fingerprint image which is fed in by the user. Based on the survey on different matching algorithms, a novel method is proposed. Keywords: image processing, biometrics, fingerprint matching, cloud, security Introduction Automated fingerprint recognition systems have been deployed in a wide variety of application domains ranging from forensics to mobile phones. Designing algorithms for extracting salient features from fingerprints and matching them is still a challenging and important pattern recognition problem. This is due to the large intra-class variability and large inter-class similarity in fingerprint patterns. The factors responsible for intra-class variations are a) displacement or rotation between different acquisitions; b) partial overlap, especially in sensors of small area; c) non linear distortion, due to skin plasticity and differences in pressure against the sensor; d) pressure and skin condition, due to permanent or temporary factors (cuts, dirt, humidity, etc.); e) noise in the sensor (for example, residues from previous acquisitions); f) feature extraction errors. Fingerprint identification system may be either a verification system or an identification system depending on the context of the application. A verification system authenticates a person’s identity by comparing the captured fingerprint with her/his previously enrolled fingerprint reference template. An identification system recognizes an individual by searching the entire enrolment template database for a match. The fingerprint feature extraction and matching algorithms are usually quite similar for both fingerprint verification and identification problems. Fingerprint – Identification and Verification using Minutiae Based Matching Algorithms Fingerprints are commonly used to identify an individual. Research also suggests that fingerprints may provide information about future diseases an individual may be at risk for developing. Fingerprints are graphical flow-like ridges in palm of a human. Fingerprint is captured digitally using a fingerprint scanner. Fingerprints are commonly used to identify an individual. Research also suggests that fingerprints may provide information about future diseases an individual may be at risk for developing. Fingerprints are graphical flow-like ridges in palm of a human, that are unique amongst human beings. The hardware, fingerprint scanners are becoming low cost devices. The two most important ridge characteristics are ridge ending and ridge bifurcation. Automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) have been widely used. An AFIS consists of two phases: offline and online. In the off-line phase, a fingerprint is acquired, enhanced using different algorithms, where features of the fingerprint are extracted and stored in a database as a template. In the on-line phase, a fingerprint is acquired, enhanced and features of the fingerprint are extracted, fed to a matching model and matched against template models in the database as depicted in the figure 1. Among all the biometric techniques, fingerprint-based identification is the most common used method which has been successfully used in numerous applications. Comparing to other biometric techniques, the advantages of fingerprint-based identification are as detailed below: The minutiae details of individual ridges and furrows are permanent and unchanging. The fingerprint is easily captured using low cost fingerprint scanner. Fingerprint is unique for every person. So it can be used to form multiple passwords to improve the security of the systems. Flow of Diagram representing the Fingerprint Identification The above figure clearly explains the simple methodology of fingerprint verification. In off-line process, the fingerprint of all users are captured and stored in a database. Before storing the raw or original image, the image is enhanced. The fingerprint image when captured for the first time may contain unwanted data ie noise. Because our hands being the most used part of our body may contain wetness, dry, oily or grease; and these images may be treated as noise while capturing the original fingerprint. And hence, to remove the noise, image enhancement techniques like adaptive filtering and adaptive thresholding. Original Fingerprint Image. The standard form factor for the image size is 0.5 to 1.25 inches square and 500 dots per inch. In the above original image, the process of adaptive filtering and thresholding are carried out. The redundancy of parallel ridges is a useful characteristic in image enhancement process. Though there may be discontinuities in a particular ridge, we can determine the flow by applying adaptive, matched filter. This filter is applied to every pixel in the image and the incorrect ridges are removed by applying matched filter. Thereby, the noise is removed and the enhanced image is shown in figure 3. Enhanced Fingerprint Image The enhanced image undergoes feature extraction process wherein: binarization and thinning take place. All fingerprint images do not share same contrast properties as the force applied while pressing may vary for each instance. Hence, the contrast variation is removed by this binarization process using local adaptive thresholding. Thinning is a feature extraction process where the width of the ridges is reduced down to a single pixel. The resultant feature extraction is shown below figure 4. Feature Extraction After Binarization and Thinning The process of minutiae extraction is done as the last step in feature extraction and then the final image is stored in database. Operating upon the thinned image, the minutiae are straightforward to detect and the endings are found at the termination points of thin lines. Bifurcations are found at the junctions of three lines. Feature attributes are determined for each valid minutia found. These consist of: ridge ending, the (x,y) location, and the direction of the ending bifurcation. Although minutia type is usually determined and stored, many fingerprint matching systems do not use this information because discrimination of one from the other is often difficult. The result of the feature extraction stage is what is called a minutia template, as shown in figure 5. This is a list of minutiae with accompanying attribute values. An approximate range on the number of minutiae found at this stage is from 10 to 100. If each minutia is stored with type (1 bit), location (9 bits each for x and y), and direction (8 bits), then each will require 27 bits say 4 bytes and the template will require up to 400 bytes. It is not uncommon to see template lengths of 1024 bytes. Minutiae Template Now, the online process starts. At the verification stage, the template from the claimant fingerprint is compared against that of the enrollee fingerprint. This is done usually by comparing neighborhoods of nearby minutiae for similarity. A single neighborhood may consist of three or more nearby minutiae. Each of these is located at a certain distance and relative orientation from each other. Furthermore, each minutia has its own attributes of type (if it is used) and minutia direction, which are also compared. If comparison indicates only small differences between the neighborhood in the enrollee fingerprint and that in the claimant fingerprint, then these neighborhoods are said to match. This is done exhaustively for all combinations of neighborhoods and if enough similarities are found, then the fingerprints are said to match. Template matching can be visualized as graph matching that is comparing the shapes of graphs joining fingerprint minutiae. A 1:1 matching cannot be carried out and we use a threshold value – termed as match score, usually a number ranging between 0 and 1. Higher the value, higher is the match. Figure 6: Few- Matching in online process Minutiae are extracted from the two fingerprints and stored as sets of points in the two dimensional plane. Minutia-based matching consists of finding the alignment between the template and the input minutiae feature sets, that results in the maximum number of minutiae pairs. 1) Weiguo Sheng et.al In their paper, the authors proposed a memetic fingerprint matching algorithm that aimed to identify optimal global matching between two sets of minutiae. The minutiae local feature representation called the minutiae descriptor that had information about the orientation field sampled in a circular pattern around the minutiae was used by them in the first stage. In the second stage, a genetic algorithm(GA) with a local improvement operator was used to effectively design an efficient algorithm for the minutiae point pattern matching problem. The local improvement operator utilized the nearest neighbor relationship to assign a binary correspondence at each step. Matching function based on the product rule was used for fitness computation. Experimental results over four fingerprint databases confirmed that the memetic fingerprint matching algorithm(MFMA) was reliable. 2) Kai Cao et al A penalized quadratic model to deal with the non-linear distortion in fingerprint matching was presented by the above authors. A fingerprint was represented using minutiae and points sampled at a constant interval on each valid ridge. Similarity between minutiae was estimated by the minutia orientation descriptor based on its neighboring ridge sampling points. Greedy matching algorithm was adopted to establish initial correspondences between minutiae pairs. The proposed algorithm used these correspondences to select landmarks or points to calculate the quadratic model parameters. The input fingerprint is warped according to the quadratic model, and compared with the template to obtain the final similarity score. The algorithm was evaluated on a fingerprint database consisting of 800 fingerprint images. 3) Peng Shi et.al In their paper, the authors proposed a novel fingerprint matching algorithm based on minutiae sets combined with the global statistical features. The two global statistical features of fingerprint image used in their algorithm were mean ridge width and the normalized quality estimation of the whole image. The fingerprint image was enhanced based on the orientation field map. The mean ridge width and the quality estimation of the whole image were got during the enhancement process. Minutiae were extracted on the thinned ridge map to form the minutiae set of the input fingerprint. The algorithm used to estimate the mean ridge width of fingerprint, was based on the block-level on non-overlap windows in fingerprint image. Four databases were used to compute the matching performance of the algorithm. 4) Sharat Chikkerur et.al The local neighborhood of each minutiae was defined by a representation called K-plet that is invariant under translation and rotation. The local structural relationship of the K-plet was encoded in the form of a graph wherein each minutiae was represented by a vertex and each neighboring minutiae by a directed graph. Dynamic programming algorithm was used to match the local neighborhood. A Coupled Breadth First Search algorithm was proposed to consolidate all the local matches between the two fingerprints. The performance of the matching algorithm was evaluated on a database consisting of 800 images. 5) Jin Qi and Yang Sheng Wang They proposed a minutiae-based fingerprint matching method. They defined a novel minutiae feature vector that integrated the minutiae details of the fingerprint with the orientation field information that was invariant to rotation and translation. It captured information on ridge-flow pattern. A triangular match method that was robust to non-linear deformation was used. The orientation field and minutiae were combined to determine the matching score. They evaluated the performance of their algorithm on a public domain collection of 800 fingerprint images. 6) Atanu Chatterjee et.al Another method for fingerprint identification and verification by minutiae feature extraction was proposed by the above authors. Minutiae were extracted from the thinned ridges from the fingerprint images and these feature matrices were applied as input data set to the Artificial Neural Network. Post processing was done to remove false minutia. Back propagation algorithm was used to train the network. Extracted features of the input fingerprint were verified with stored trained weights and threshold values. Experiments were conducted on 160 fingerprint images and the proposed system exhibited an accuracy of 95%. 7) Tsai Yang Jea et.al A flow network-based fingerprint matching technique for partial fingerprints was introduced by. For each minutiae along with its two nearest neighbors, a feature vector was generated which was used for the matching process. Minimum cost flow (MCF) problem algorithm was used to find the one-to-one correspondence between the feature vectors and the list of possibly matched features was obtained. A two hidden layer fully connected Neural Network was proposed to calculate the similarity score. Their experiments on two fingerprint databases showed that using neural networks for generating similarity scores improved accuracy. 8) Marius Tico et.al They have proposed a method of fingerprint matching based on a novel representation for the minutiae. The proposed minutiae representation incorporated ridge orientation information in a circular region, describing the appearance of the fingerprint pattern around the minutiae. Average Fingerprint Ridge period was evaluated to select the sampling points around the minutiae. Matching algorithm was based on point pattern matching. To recover the geometric transformation between the two fingerprint impressions, a registration stage was included. The Greedy algorithm was used to construct a set of corresponding minutiae. Experiments were conducted on two public domain collections of fingerprint images and were found to achieve good performance. 9) Asker M.Bazen et. al A minutiae matching method using a local and global matching stage was presented by Asker M. Bazen et. Al. Their elastic matching algorithm estimated the non-linear transformation model in two stages. The local matching algorithm compared each minutia neighborhood in the test fingerprint to each minutia neighborhood in the template fingerprints. Least square algorithm was used to align the two structures to obtain a list of corresponding minutia pairs. Global transformation was done to optimally register the two fingerprints that represented the elastic deformations by a thin-plate spline (TPS) model. The TPS model describes the transformed coordinates independently as a function of the original coordinates. Local and global alignments were used to determine the matching score. Conclusion This paper, we presented Fingerprint identification and verification based on minutiae based matching. The original fingerprint captures is pre-processed and the pattern is stored in the database for verification and identification. The pre-processing of the original fingerprint involves image binarization, ridge thinning, and noise removal. Fingerprint Recognition using Minutiae Score Matching method is used for matching the minutiae points. Usually a technique called minutiae matching is used to be able to handle automatic fingerprint recognition with a computer system. In this literature review, nine papers are explored and an insight is obtained regarding different methods. References: [1] Weiguo Sheng, Gareth Howells, Michael Fairhurst, and Farzin Deravi,(2007), â€Å"A Memetic Fingerprint Matching Algorithm†, IEEE Transactions On Information Forensics And Security. [2] Aparecido Nilceu Marana and Anil K. Jain, (2005), â€Å"Ridge-Based Fingerprint Matching Using Hough Transform†, IEEE Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 18th Brazilian Symposium pp. 112-119. [3] Koichi Ito, Ayumi Morita, Takafumi Aoki, Tatsuo Higuchi, Hiroshi Nakajima, and Koji Kobayashi, (2005), â€Å"A Fingerprint Recognition Algorithm using Phase-Based Image Matching for low quality fingerprints†, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 33-36. [4] Kai Cao, Yang, X., Tao, X., Zhang, Y., Tian, J. ,(2009), â€Å"A novel matching algorithm for distorted fingerprints based on penalized quadratic model†, IEEE 3rd International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, pp. 1-5. [5] Anil K. Jain and Jianjiang Feng, (2011), â€Å"Latent Fingerprint Matching†, IEEE Transactions On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 88-100. [6] Unsang Park, Sharath Pankanti, A. K. Jain, (2008), â€Å"Fingerprint Verification Using SIFT Features†, SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, Orlando, Florida, pp. 69440K-69440K. [7] Anil Jain, Yi Chen, and Meltem Demirkus, (2007), â€Å"Pores and Ridges: High-Resolution Fingerprint Matching Using Level 3 Features†, IEEE Transactions On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, Vol. 29, No.1, pp. 15-27. [8] Mayank Vatsa, Richa Singh, Afzel Noore, Max M. Houck, (2008), â€Å"Quality-augmented fusion of level-2 and level-3 fingerprint information using DSm theory†, Sciencedirect International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 50, no. 1, pp. 51–61. [9] Haiyun Xu, Raymond N. J. Veldhuis, Asker M. Bazen, Tom A. M. Kevenaar, Ton A. H. M. Akkermans and Berk Gokberk ,(2009), â€Å"Fingerprint Verification Using Spectral Minutiae Representations†,IEEE Transactions On Information Forensics And Security, Vol. 4, No. 3,pp. 397-409. [10] Mayank Vatsa, Richa Singh, Afzel Noore and Sanjay K. Singh ,(2009),â€Å"Combining Pores and Ridges with Minutiae for Improved Fingerprint Verification†, Elsevier, Signal Processing 89, pp.2676–2685. [11] Jiang Li, Sergey Tulyakov and Venu Govindaraju, (2007), â€Å"Verifying Fingerprint Match by Local Correlation Methods†, First IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications,and Systems, pp.1-5. [12] Xinjian Chen, Jie Tian, Xin Yang, and Yangyang Zhang, (2006), â€Å"An Algorithm for Distorted Fingerprint Matching Based on Local Triangle Feature Set†, IEEE Transactions On Information Forensics And Security, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 169-177. [13] Peng Shi, Jie Tian, Qi Su, and Xin Yang, (2007), â€Å"A Novel Fingerprint Matching Algorithm Based on Minutiae and Global Statistical Features†, First IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, pp. 1-6. [14] Qijun Zhao, David Zhang, Lei Zhang and Nan Luo, (2010), â€Å"High resolution partial fingerprint alignment using pore–valley descriptors†, Pattern Recognition, Volume 43 Issue 3, pp. 1050- 1061. [15] Liu Wei-Chao and Guo Hong-tao ,(2014), † Occluded Fingerprint Recognition Algorithm Based on Multi Association Features Match â€Å", Journal Of Multimedia, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 910—917 [16] Asker M. Bazen, Gerben T.B. Verwaaijen, Sabih H. Gerez, Leo P.J. Veelenturf and Berend Jan van der Zwaag, (2000), A correlation-based fingerprint verification system , ProRISC 2000 Workshop